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Summary
Anggi Arifin Nasution and Aldifi Putro of PT Petrokimia Gresik detail an inventive redesign of their economiser, a critical component in sulphuric acid production, focusing on energy efficiency, decarbonisation, process optimisation, and equipment durability.Abstract
Petrokimia Gresik, a subsidiary of Pupuk Indonesia that mainly produces fertilizers, is located in Gresik, East Java and occupies an area of more than 450 hectares. It has a total production capacity of 8.9 million t/a, consisting of 5 million tonnes of fertilizer products and 3.9 million tonnes of non-fertilizer products. Keywords: sulphuric acid plant, equipment, economiser, energy efficiency, decarbonisation, process optimisation, and equipment life, revamp, IAT, intermediate absorption tower, tube leak, scale, corrosion, heat recovery, SO2 emission, acid mist, mist elinimator, PT Petrokimia GresikSummary
A sulphuric acid plant in Northwest China is looking to capture its low-grade heat for re-use. With the support of Alfa Laval's semi-welded plate heat exchangers and energy recovery expertise, in winter, all of the recovered low-grade heat could be put back into their system with 30% being used in production and the remaining 70% going to heating. During the summer, 14% of the energy that is no longer needed for indoor heating could be used to preheat boiler feedwater. This would enable them to significantly reduce the amount of fossil fuels used in production, without redesigning their entire factory footprint.Abstract
Baiyin city is the core area of the Greater Lanzhou Economic Zone and is a sub-centre of the Lanbai Economic Circle, which means that a lot of its infrastructure is connected to the district heating zone in northern China. With current energy demands, Baiyin city uses up its full quota of district heating within six months every year and must rely on traditional coal heating to fill the gap. But in a world where we are all trying to move away from fossil fuels, the government and enterprises are actively looking for solutions that will help them do more with less. Keywords: sulphuric acid plant, energy efficiency, heat exchanger, heat recovery, waste heat recovery, China, low-grade heat, Alfa LavalSummary
Honeywell UOP's nViro Hydro process provides an alternative solution to conventional hydroprocessing waste treatment utilising a sulphur recovery unit and tail gas treating unit. Janet Ruettiger of Honeywell UOP discusses the benefits of nViro Hydro which include improved operational efficiency, creating a new revenue stream and reduced capital outlays, operating expenses and water use.Abstract
Refineries are major long-term investments that operate over many years spanning decades. As technology, consumer needs, product values, and environmental regulations evolve, refineries adapt. In today’s economy and environment, refiners must account for not only every dollar spent, but also consider whether they are making the best use of every molecule at their disposal. Keywords: hydroprocessing waste treatment, nViro Hydro process, sulphur recovery unit, tail gas treating unit, sulphur recovery, fertilizer, refinery, hydrotreating, ammonia, nitrogen recovery, ammonium sulphate, CO2 footprint, hydrocracking complex, debottlenecking, ammonium sulphate, sulphur pricing, Honeywell UOPSummary
As plants move towards full unit control, Jochen Geiger of Ametek Process Instruments provides an overview of how the latest sulphur plant analysers are providing greater insight into sulphur plant operations.Abstract
When looking at process optimisation, besides process control itself, it is important to consider new developments. To improve process yield we may look for new equipment and consider different process control mechanisms, but what about mitigating upset conditions? The results from installed process instrumentation is often questioned whenever there are any unexpected process conditions. Previous publications have discussed this in detail, but what can we learn from those discussions? Keywords: instrumentation, process control, sulphur plant, process analyser, plant operation, tail gas treating unit, TGTU, process gas chromatograph, multicomponent measurement, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, carbon disulphide, carbonyl sulphide, hydrogen sulphide, Model 993X, Ametek Process InstrumentsSummary
M. Rameshni and S. Santo of Rameshni & Associates Technology & Engineering (RATE USA) discuss some of the many solutions available to revamp sulphur plants to meet stricter environmental regulations with regard to SO2 and CO2 emissions. RATE technologies for the ultimate goal of achieving near zero SO2 emissions and World Bank requirements are also illustrated.Abstract
The revamp of existing sulphur plants to meet future challenges can be categorised into several scenarios including CO2 removal, SO2 emission reduction, and impacts of IMO with regard to both CO2 and SO2. Keywords: sulphur plant, revamp, environmental regulations, SO2 emissions, CO2 emissions, CO2 recovery, IMO regulations, World Bank, catalyst, hydrolysis reactor, SMAX, SETR, tail gas treating, thermal incineration, caustic scrubber, oxygen enrichment, sulphuric acid production, catalytic tail gas incineration, RATE USA.Summary
Gouda Refractories continues to upgrade its refractory solutions for the sulphur recovery industry as well as developing new superior products for installations operating at higher temperatures due to oxygen enrichment.Abstract
Gouda Refractories BV, a leading refractory company specialised in the lining of equipment for sulphur recovery trains worldwide, has developed a wide range of products tailored to the unique demands of these processes and actively contributes to the development of technical specifications for this equipment. Keywords: materials of construction, refractory, SRU products, hot face brick, castable, lining, sulphur recovery, oxygen enrichment, AK 94 MX, LP 90 L, Gouda Refractories