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Summary
A new cost-effective alternative sulphur technology, providing a simple and robust process to achieve an overall sulphur recovery efficiency of 99.9+% is being developed by Saudi Aramco. J. P. O'Connell and I.A. Alami of Saudi Aramco discuss the new technology, its benefits and current stage of development.Abstract
The emission regulations for sulphur dioxide (SO2) continue to become more stringent with time, which is placing more pressure on the refineries and gas plants to increase the recovery efficiencies of their existing sulphur recovery units (SRUs). Keywords: sulphur recovery, sulphur technology, sulphur recovery efficiency, Simplified sulphur Recovery Technology, SSRT, thermal stage Claus, process stoichiometry, extended thermal stage, pilot study, experimental results, Saudi AramcoSummary
As all industries come under pressure to decarbonise, are there ways to reduce the carbon footprint of sulphur recovery operations?Abstract
The 2015 Paris Agreement set the goal of keeping global average temperature increases less than 2°C above pre-industrial levels by 2050, Keywords: CCS, CARBON, CAPTURE, SO2, EFFICIENT, EFFICIENCY, DATA, DIGITAL, METHANE, ELECTRIFICATION, ELECTRIFY, ELECTRIC, ELECTRICITYSummary
A shortage of highly pure nickel is driving major new investment in high pressure acid leaching plants, especially in Indonesia, with a significant impact upon sulphuric acid and sulphur demand.Abstract
Sulphuric acid’s greatest use by volume is for extraction of valuable elements from mineral ores. While the phosphate fertilizer industry represents the lion’s share of this, processing of other ores has been a rapidly growing sector over the past few decades. Keywords: LEACH, LEACHING, CLASS, LATERITE, PIG, IRON, RUSSIA, NORNICKEL, NORILSK, INDONESIA, PHILIPPINES, CHINA, BATTERY, EV, ELECTRICSummary
The extensive sweep of financial sanctions against Russia in the wake of the invasion of Ukraine, coupled with Russia's position as the leading exporter of numerous commodities means that the impact of the 2022 price shock may be worse than 2008.Abstract
On February 24th Russian forces crossed the Ukrainian border in several places as part of what Russia’s president Putin described as a ‘special military operation’. Keywords: OIL, GAS, SULPHUR, FERTILIZER, WHEAT, GRAIN, BOREALIS, NORDSTREAM, OPEC, SANCTIONSSummary
A sulphuric acid plant forms critical material and energy interfaces with other plants in several different types of chemical and metallurgical complexes. Shailesh Sampat of SNC-Lavalin discusses how the acid plant design is customised to match the product mix and the energy requirements of the complex to provide the optimum solution for energy and material requirements.Abstract
Although the principal function of the sulphuric acid plant is to produce sulphur-based compounds using sulphur or sulphur dioxide (SO2) as raw material, it also serves as a critical source of energy for the complex. Keywords: sulphuric acid plant, acid plant integration, material interface, energy interface, chemical complex, energy requirements, acid plant design, product mix, fertilizer complex, SSP, phosphatic fertilizer, electrical power, pyrometallurgical complex, roaster, smelter, energy recovery, sulphonation, hydrometallurgical complex, SNC-LavalinSummary
With climate change looming there is an increased focus on reducing the environmental footprint of the production of fertilizers. The use of renewable energy/green hydrogen is one way to make the fertilizer industry more environmentally sustainable. In this article, Rene Dijkstra of Chemetics introduces the Green Fertilizer Complex. This practical solution integrates an oxygen-based sulphuric acid plant using the Chemetics' patented CORE-SO2™ process with a green hydrogen and ammonia facility to deliver low cost, low emission, and carbon-free phosphate (MAP/DAP) and/or sulphate (AMS) based ammonia fertilizers.Abstract
Large scale production of fertilizers containing phosphate and nitrogen is imperative to be able to produce sufficient food for the world’s population. Keywords: sulphuric acid technology, green fertilizer complex, sulphuric acid plant, green hydrogen, green ammonia, oxygen-based sulphuric acid, CORE-SO2 process, low emission, carbon free, fertilizer, SO2, sulphur dioxide, absorption system, CES-ALPHA, CORE-S reactor, integrated fertilizer complex, energy integration, MAP/DAP fertilizer, ChemeticsSummary
Ricardo L. Sepulveda of PegasusTSI reviews options to decrease the CO2 footprint of a fertilizer industrial complex and illustrates the technical and economic feasibility of utilising clean energy from a sulphuric acid plant in a fertilizer complex to produce green hydrogen, which in turn can be used to produce green methanol or green ammonia.Abstract
Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases are one of the main drivers of climate change, and their reduction presents one of the most urgent challenges today. Keywords: emissions reduction, CO2 footprint, clean energy, fertilizer complex, green hydrogen, green methanol, green ammonia, economic feasibility, technical feasibility, sulphuric acid, energy recovery, MECS HRS, phosphoric acid production, CO2 capture, hydrogen production, PEM electrolyser, PegasusTSI